Em busca da resiliência
evolução conceitual das Soluções Baseadas na Natureza (SBNs) e seus principais marcos históricos globais
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37916/arq.urb.vi41.738Palavras-chave:
Soluções baseadas na natureza, Desafios climáticos, Sustentabilidade, Conceitos ecológicosResumo
As Soluções Baseadas na Natureza (SBNs) emergiram como estratégias amplamente reconhecidas, discutidas em fóruns de governança internacional, devido à sua capacidade de enfrentar os desafios climáticos e fomentar o desenvolvimento urbano sustentável. Este artigo tem por objetivo realizar uma breve análise da evolução da terminologia SBN, dos principais marcos globais que têm impulsionado sua disseminação desde o início do século XXI e da convergência de ideias ecológicas em torno desse conceito. Por meio de uma revisão narrativa de literatura, constatamos que eventos internacionais, como as Conferências das Partes (COP), têm desempenhado um papel significativo na propagação das SBNs, especialmente na busca pela neutralidade climática. Ademais, a diversidade de conceitos ecológicos associados às SBNs têm convergido em uma variedade de metáforas transdisciplinares, e ainda carece de uma definição mais precisa. Como desafios, destacamos a necessidade de maior consenso e aprofundamento sobre as SBNs, assim como a urgência de sua disseminação para a integração desse conceito em territórios com realidades distintas, visando alcançar uma implementação holística e globalmente integrada para resiliência diante de alterações climáticas.
Palavras-chave: Soluções Baseadas na Natureza. Desafios Climáticos. Sustentabilidade. Conceitos Ecológicos.
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FRANTZESKAKI, N. et al. Nature-Based Solutions for Resilient and Thriving Cities: Opportunities and Challenges for Planning Future Cities. In: Mahmoud, I.H. et al. Nature-based Solutions for Sustainable Urban Planning. Contemporary Urban Design Thinking. Springer: Cham, 2022.
FU, B. et al. Linking ecosystem processes and ecosystem services. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, v. 5, n. 1, p. 4–10, 2013.
GÓMEZ, E. M. et al. Using a system thinking approach to assess the contribution of nature based solutions to sustainable development goals. Science of The Total Environment, v. 738, p. 139693, 2020.
GIUDICE, B. et al. Green Infrastructure: Planning Strategies and Environmental Design. Cham: Springer, 2023.
HAASE, D. Integrating Ecosystem Services, Green Infrastructure and Nature-Based Solutions — New Perspectives in Sustainable Urban Land Management. Human-Environment Interactions, p. 305–318, 2021.
HANSON, H. I. et al. Working on the boundaries —How do science use and interpret the nature-based solution concept? Land Use Policy, v. 90, p. 104302, 2020.
INTERNATIONAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE (IPCC). Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Genebra: IPCC, 2022.
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE – IUCN. The IUCN Programme 2013–2016: Adopted by the IUCN World Conservation Congress. Switzerland: Gland, 2012.
JAMION, N. A. et al. The integration of nature values and services in the nature-based solution assessment framework of constructed wetlands for carbon–water nexus in carbon sequestration and water security. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, [s. l.], v. 45, 2022.
KABISCH, N. et al. Nature-based solutions to climate change mitigation and adaptation in urban areas: perspectives on indicators, knowledge gaps, barriers, and opportunities for action. Ecology and Society, v. 21, n. 2, 2016.
LAFORTEZZA, R.; CHEN, J. The provision of ecosystem services in response to global change: Evidences and applications. Environmental Research, v. 147, p. 576–579, 2016.
LAFORTEZZA, R. et al. Nature-based solutions for resilient landscapes and cities. Environmental Research, v. 165, p. 431–441, 2018.
LAKHANI, N. $700m pledged to loss and damage fund at Cop28 covers less than 0.2% needed. Money offered so far falls far short of estimated $400bn in losses developing countries face each year. The Guardian Journal, Londres – Reino Unido, 6 dez. 2023. Disponível em: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/dec/06/700m-pledged-to-loss-and-damage-fund-cop28-covers-less-than-02-percent-needed Acesso em: 1 maio 2024.
LENNON, M. Green infrastructure and planning policy: a critical assessment. Local Environment, v. 20, n. 8, p. 957–980, 2014.
LE PROVOST, G. et al. The supply of multiple ecosystem services requires biodiversity across spatial scales. Nature Ecology & Evolution, v.7, p. 236-249, 2022.
MARQUES, T. H. N.; RIZZI, D.; FERRAZ, V.; et al. Soluções baseadas na natureza: conceituação, aplicabilidade e complexidade no contexto latino-americano, casos do Brasil e Peru. Revista LABVERDE, v. 11, n. 1, p. 12–49, 2021.
MAROSTICA, L. K. Tramas verdes na cidade: Natureza e Paisagem em Toledo – PR. 2024. 182f. Dissertação (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo - Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, 2024.
MAZÓN, J.; PINO, D.; VINYOLES, M. Is Declaring a Climate Emergency Enough to Stop Global Warming? Learning From the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Climate, v. 4, 2022.
MELANIDIS, M. S.; HAGERMAN, S. Competing narratives of nature-based solutions: Leveraging the power of nature or dangerous distraction? Environmental Science & Policy, v. 132, p. 273–281, 2022.
MELNICHENKO, A. Repensando as mudanças climáticas: as soluções sustentáveis podem revolucionar nossa maneira de abordá-la? [S. l.], 2024. Disponível em: https://www.correiobraziliense.com.br/expressao-de-opiniao/2024/01/6780212-repensando-as-mudancas-climaticas-as-solucoes-sustentaveis-podem-revolucionar-nossa-maneira-de-aborda-la.html. Acesso em: 6 maio 2024.
MEHTA, D. et al. Nature-based solutions in Hindu Kush Himalayas: IUCN global standard-based synthesis. Ecological Indicators, [s. l.], v. 154, p. 110875–110875, 2023.
MELL, I. C. Concise guide to planning: Green Infrastructure Planning. Lund Humphries: London. 2019
MORITA, K.; MATSUMOTO, K. Governance Challenges for Implementing Nature-Based Solutions in the Asian Region. Politics and Governance, v. 9, n. 4, p. 102–113, 2021.
MEEROW, S. The politics of multifunctional green infrastructure planning in New York City. Cities, v. 100, p. 102621, 2020.
NELSON, D. R. et al. Challenges to realizing the potential of nature-based solutions. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, v. 45, p. 49–55, 2020.
NESSHÖVER, C. et al. The science, policy and practice of nature-based solutions: An interdisciplinary perspective. Science of The Total Environment, v. 579, p. 1215–1227, 2017.
OMMER, J. et al. Quantifying co-benefits and disbenefits of Nature-based Solutions targeting Disaster Risk Reduction. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, v. 75, p. 102966, 2022.
ONU NEWS. RELATÓRIO DO IPCC PROVA “O FRACASSO DA LIDERANÇA GLOBAL SOBRE O CLIMA”. [S. l.], 2022. Disponível em: https://news.un.org/pt/story/2022/02/1781142. Acesso em: 1 maio 2024.
OSAKA, S.; BELLAMY, R.; CASTREE, N. Framing “nature‐based” solutions to climate change. WIREs Climate Change, v. 12, n. 5, 2021.
PAULEIT, S. et al. Nature-Based Solutions and Climate Change – Four Shades of Green. In: KABISCH, N.; KORN, H.; STADLER, J.; BONN, A. Nature- based Solutions to Climate Change Adaptation in Urban Areas Linkages between Science, Policy and Practice. Cham: Springer, 2017.
PICARELLI, S. B. N. Mudança do clima e as soluções baseadas na natureza (SbN): medidas de adaptação para as cidades brasileiras. 2022. 145f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência Ambiental) - Instituto de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2022.
POUSO, S. et al. Contact with blue-green spaces during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown beneficial for mental health. Science of The Total Environment, v. 756, p. 143984, 2020.
RAYMOND, et al. An Impact Evaluation Framework to Support Planning and Evaluation of Nature-based Solutions Projects. Report prepared by the EKLIPSE Expert Working Group on Nature-based Solutions to Promote Climate Resilience in Urban Areas. Wallingford: Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, 2017.
RICART, S. et al. The Social, Political, and Environmental Dimensions in Designing Urban Public Space from a Water Management Perspective: Testing European Experiences. Land, v. 11, n. 9, p. 1575, 2022.
RODRIGUES, M. S. C. Oportunidades e desafios para a utilização de soluções baseadas na natureza no combate de inundações urbanas na cidade de São Paulo/ SP-Brasil. 2021. 114 f. Dissertação (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cidades Inteligentes e Sustentáveis) - Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, 2021.
ROUSE, D. C.; BUNSTER-OSSA, I. F. Green infrastructure: a landscape approach. Chicago: APA Planners Press, 2013.
SANT’ANNA, C. G. A Infraestrutura Verde e sua contribuição para o desenho da paisagem da cidade. 2020. 303 f. Tese (Doutorado em Arquitetura e Urbanismo) – Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 2020.
SARABI, S. E. et al. Key Enablers of and Barriers to the Uptake and Implementation of Nature-Based Solutions in Urban Settings: A Review. Resources, v. 8, n. 3, p. 121, 2019.
SEDDON, N. et al. Understanding the Value and Limits of Nature-Based Solutions to Climate Change and Other Global Challenges. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 375, n. 1794, p. 20190120, 2020.
STURIALE, L.; SCUDERI, A. The Role of Green Infrastructures in Urban Planning for Climate Change Adaptation. Climate, v. 7, n. 10, p. 119, 2019.
WAMSLER, C. et al. Environmental and climate policy integration: Targeted strategies for overcoming barriers to nature-based solutions and climate change adaptation. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 247, p. 119154, 2020.
WANG, L. et al. Effect and mechanism of biochar on CO2 and N2O emissions under different nitrogen fertilization gradient from an acidic soil. Science of The Total Environment, v. 747, p. 141265, 2020.
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