A century of social housing in Brazil: analysis, referencial and relationships of plastic freedom Marquis de São Vicente Residencial - RJ with the Latin Ameri- can modernist production

Abstract

From a survey of a graphic documentation, iconographic and textual, focused in the quality of an architectural party, relating to the types es-
tablished, adopted and developed by the major icons of housing production (social and popular) in Brazil, it intends to intended to give an overview of the historical process evolution its interrelation with their Latin American peers. The first point of this analysis is the development of housing for workers, established in the late nineteenth cen- tury mainly in Rio de Janeiro, considered precursors of the housing groups, also monitoring and analyzing the changes deriving from the historical, political and social process from the subsequent decades, culminating with the modernist production. The aim was to detect and classify the principles and characteristics of the objects studied in order to extract the best of what there is in each case within the panorama of the construction techniques available, and identify concepts and political and administrative realities of each period, bringing material of historical record that describes the practices of architectural pro- duction and its relations with the experiences implemented by architects in Latin America in the times related. A detailed analysis of the collected material about the project and construction conditions of residential group “Marquês de São Vicente” between 1952 and 1954 in Rio de Janeiro, such as the building representative of the freedom of Brazilian modernism and a giant of social housing in the country, that allows us to understand the relationship between the political and social conditions from this moment and the possibilities of projectual innovation adopted by an architect called Affonso Eduardo Reidy, also determining the architectural design in the implementation of “Gávea” district. It also investigates the process of ideas circulation relating to his expressive freedom and his influence in the housing production typology with the Latin American architects.